schonbach



(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1. V. SCHONBACH. HYDRAULIGV RIVETER'.' No.. 558,850.

Patented .Apr. 21, 1896.

Invsnar:

(NovMoael.) i 2 shets-sheet 2.

V. SCHONBACIJII HYDRAULIC RIVETBR.

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VICTOR SCHNBACII, OF CAROLINENTHAL, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

HYDRAULIC RIVETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 558,850, dated April21, 1896.

Application filed October 28,1893. Serial No. 489,415. (No model.)

vented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Riveters; and Ido hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the artto which it appertains to make and use the said invention.

My invention consists in the novel features hereinafter described,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate oneform in which I have contemplated em bodying my invention, and saidinvention is fully disclosed in the following description and claim.

Referring to the said drawings, Figure lis a vertical longitudinalsectional view of my improved riveting-machine. Fig. 2 is a top planview of the same. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are diagrammatic views illustratingthe manner of using my improved machine. Fig. 6 is an enlargedlongitudinal sectional view of the main portion of the machine, showingmore clearly the valves and fluid-passages. Fig. 7 is a similartransverse sectional view through the valve-casings and valves.

The object of my invention is to provide a hydraulic riveting-machinehaving outer and inner plate-closing devices and a construction by meansof which a considerable saving of pressure-water is effected, saidmachine being also adapted to the formation of heads upon pins or studsunprovided with heads. p

Referring to the drawings, B represents the riveting-ram working in acylinder formed in the machine-frame and connected by means of theguide-piece b with the cupping-tool s. Vithin the riveting-ram isarranged the plate-closing ram C, which, by means of the guide-piece c,moves the outer plate-closing tool or crown 7c, although it may be alsoused as a iivetingpiston, if desired, by substituting a cupping-tool forthe crown k. The ram C has a central extension running back toward therear end of the machine, where it is provided with a piston H, which Iterm the auxiliary piston, working in a cylinder formed at the rear ofthe machine, there being a space for pressure-water both at the rear andin front of the piston Il, so that said auxiliary piston can be used asa return-piston. A fluid-passage 7e extends longitudinally to the pistonI-I, the extension of ram C, and has a delivery-aperture in rear of therain C, so as to supplypressure-water thereto.

Adjacent to the rear end of the machine are a pair of horizontaltransversely-disposed valve-casings located one above and one below theaxis of the ram. (See Figs. 6 and 7.) The upper valve-casing isconnected by a passage D with the cylinder of the ram B, and saidcasing' is provided with a transversely-sliding valve S, the stem ofwhich is mounted in suitable guides E. The lower valve-casing isprovided with a similar valve S', mounted also in the guides E, andsaid' casing is connected by a passage D with the cylinder in which thepiston H moves, and by means of the longitudinal passage h with thecylinder in the ram B in which the ram C moves. In the rear end of themachine (see Fig. 7) are formed a vertical passage F, which I term thepressure-water-supply 7 passage, and a similar passage G, which I termthe exhaust-water passage. These passages are connected, respectively,with the pressure-water inlet-pipe F and the exhaust-water pipe Gr', thevalves S and S' serving to connect the passages D and D alternately withthe pressure-water-supply or exhaustwater passages.

In order to secure the proper movement of the valves, I convenientlyemploy the construction best illustrated in Figs. 2 and 7.

K represents a vertical rock-shaft mounted in suitable bearings at therear of the machine and provided at its upper end with an arm k2,engaging an elongated slot e in the stem of valve S. At its lower endsaid rockshaft is provided with an arm k3, engaging closely a recess inthe stem of valve S. Said rock-shaft is operated by means of a suitablehandle or lever K. By employing the elongated slot e it will be seenthat when the rockshaft K is operated by the hand-lever K the lowervalve S will be moved a distance before the arm 7a2 reaches the end ofslot c, when upon a further movement of the handlever and rock-shaft thetwo valves S and S will move together.

IOO

L, Fig. 7, represents a passage connecting the pressure-water passage Fwith the cylinder in which the piston H moves, but forward of saidpiston. Hence it will be seen that there is a constant supply ofpressure-water transmitted through the passage L to the front side ofpiston Il independent of the valve and exerting a constant pressure onthe front side of said piston. i

lVhen the machine is in its normal or inactive condition, the valves arein the position shown in Fig. 7, in which the passage D communicateswith. exhaust passage G through the valve S, and the passage D' likewisecommunicates with the exhaust-passage through the valve SQ thepressure-water being admitted only in front of the piston H through thepassage L. lVhen the handle K is moved so as to throw the arm k2 fromone end of the slot c to the other, the valve S will not be moved atall, but the valve S' will be moved so as to admit pressure-waterthrough the passage D in rear of the piston H and through the passa-ge7i to the rear of the ram C. As the area of the ram C is greater thanthat of the front side of piston H, the pressure of the water upon theram C will overcome the resistance offered on the front side of pistonIl, and the ram C, with the crown 7c, will move forward. During thisforward movement only the small piston H and ram C are usingpressure-water. This operation follows when Athe ram C is free to movewith respect to ram B, and the ram- C may thus be used alone as ariveting device by substituting a clipping-tool for the crown 7c. Themovement of ram C with respect to ram B is, however, preferably limitedby means of a movable plate p, connected with the slide c and engaging arecess in the slide h. Vhenthis plate is in position, as in Figs. l, 2,and 6, the ram C moves forward alone until the plate p strikes theforward end of its recess, after which the rams C andB move forwardtogether under the influence of the piston Il, the rear face of whichhas a larger area than its front face, and consequently overcomes theback pressure. During this movement of the ram B, the passage D being infree communication through the valve S with the exhaust-water passage G,the exhaust-water follows the ram B and [ills the cylinder in which itmoves, thus saving a waste of pressure-water.

lVhen the lever K is moved to its next position, the valve S will beforced over so as to close the communication between passage D and theexhaust-water passage and open communication between the passage D andthe pressure-water passage F, thereby supplying pressure-water directlyto the ram B to complete the riveting operation. Vhen the lever K isthrown back to its original position, the valves S and S will be movedinto the position illustrated in Fig. 7 and will establish acommunication between both passages D and D and the exhaust-passage G,the only piston then receiving pressure-water being the piston H, whichreceives-pressure on its front side through the passage L, therebyreturning the rams B and C to their original position. It should bestated that the eX- haust-water pipe G/ is connected with a reservoir(not shown) on a higher level than the machine, so that theexhaust-water will readily follow the ram B, as above described. Thereis also on the side of the stationary cupping-tool s' a piston or a ramC', which is submitted to a constant pressure, and therefore retains theinner closing-tool la in the position indicated in the drawings. Thepiston- C does not move until the tool 7c is submitted to a morepowerful pressure than that to which the ram is subjected. I prefer toconnect the ram C with a separate small accumulator (not shown) havingthe pressure vari.- able according tov requirements.

The relative motion of b and c may be so limited that when the dead oridle movement s if has` been completed the eupping-iron may directlystrike the rivet and the crown 7s also come into immediate contact withthe plate, so that 7a will be in advance of s a distance of fc, andthere will be room between the said crown and the cupping-tool for theformation of the head of the rivet. lf the relative displacement of thetwo rams equals z, the cupping-iron should in its initial position standin front of the crown a dista-nce of g/ z z Owing to this adjustment ofparts where pins or bolts are employed, the material of which the sameare made is properly distributed. This result is besides insured by thefact that exactly the same relative position which exists between thecrown and the cupping-tool is also provided for on the side of the iiXedcupping-tool s e., that 7c is also in advance of s a distance of x,which is just sufficient to allow the head of the rivet to be formedbetween the two. From this it will be seen that the distribution of thematerial of which the rivet is made is controlled to a nicety. The innerplate-closing device, however, in addition to the distribution ofmaterial, has this main object, that the moment when the dead motion ofthe piston or driver B and C is completed theblank between the pieces 7cand 7o is under the action of the auX- iliary piston retained in astationary position, so as to be incapable of lateral displacement evenbefore the riveting-pin is flattened down. Then after this the formationof the rivet-heads is proceeded with, the pressure of the blank iirmlygripped in the machine increases to correspond to the maximum pressureof C or C', as the case may be, so that during the formation of therivet-heads a lateral displacement of the blanks becomes an utterimpossibility. By this means, too, the formation of the heads otherwisethan straight is avoided, and all heads are exactly of the same size andproperly centered. The inner plate-closing device, moreover, offers theadvantage that even when ready-made rivets are employed these may beinserted into the ma- IOO IIO

chine from outside, so that it is never necessary for a man to standinside the article to be riveted-say a boiler.

The operation of the machine will be readily apparent from the positionsillustrated by Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Fig. 3 shows the operation undernormal conditions where the riveting is performed by means of bolts orpins without heads. Both the inner and outer closing tools or crowns areset in position, whereby provision is made for the proper distributionof the material. The blank is placed against the inner crown. When thedead movement s t is completed, as indicated in position III, the blankis securely gripped or compressed between the two crowns or closingdevices and the material of the pin on either side evenly distributed.When the pressure-lever is pulled behind B, C recedes while C will beshifted in B, so that both rivet-heads form at the same time. (PositionIV.) This, however, will only happen when the pressure of C and that ofC are equal; but when the pressure of C is less than that of C the headat s will form rst, and C will not recede within B until after theresistance of C and of the bolt provided with a head at s has becomemore powerful than the pressure of C. Conversely, when the pressure of Cis less than that of C', a rivet-head will first form at s. For thepurpose of the general operation of the machine it is immaterial whetherC and C exercise equal or different pressures. From the foregoing itwill be understood that riveting by means of headless bolts or pins ispossible even when C and C' are not under pressure. Fig. 4 illustrates acase in which C is not under pressure-z'. e., where the crown la isplaced at a distance. In this case a head will form at s first, whilethe distribution of the material will be effected by the inner crown.This arrangement may be applied in practice when C is employed as ariveting piston or driver, while the pressure of C is made less thanthat of C. Vhere the plate-closing is effected by means of a singleinstead of a double device, it will be understood that the guiding andadjustment of the blank require a great deal more attention and care.

Fig. 5 illustrates the operation of the machine where ordinary rivetsare used. In this case the outer closing piece or crown lo is somewhatremoved. The riveting-bolt is inserted from outside and the plateclosing is performed by the piece 7c.

From the operation as applied to the various cases herein mentioned itwill be readily seen that the machine is capable of a great variety ofcombinations and special provi-` sions as regards the plate-closingoperation and the pressure.

`/Vhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is-

In a hydraulic riveting-machine the combination with the plate-closingtool and cupping-tool, of a stationary cylinder and a rivetin g-pistonfor actuating the cupping--tool, a piston moving within saidriveting-piston for actuating the plate-closing tool, an auxiliarycylinder and piston of smaller diameter for moving saidactuating-piston, a communicat ing passage between the said auxiliarycylinder and the piston for actuating the plateclosing tool, means forsupplying water under pressure to said auxiliary cylinder and piston andthrough said passage to the piston for said plate-closing tool, andmeans for supplying pressure-water to the riveting-piston for theclipping-tool and for continuing the supply to said auxiliary pistonduring the operation of riveting, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I havehereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

VICTOR SCHONBAIOH. Witnesses:

TH. WALDAPFEL, ADoLrH FISCHER.

